Arduino+ESP32SSD1306 OLED显示图像和天气

目录

硬件电路部分

一、材料清单：

二、接线图

软件编写部分

一、获取天气

（1）连接WiFi

（2）发送HTTP请求

（3）解析JSON数据

二、OLED显示

硬件电路部分

一、材料清单：

ESP32

SSD1306 OLED显示屏

面包板

杜邦线

二、接线图

GND--->GND

VCC--->VIN

D0--->D14

D1--->D27

RES--->D26

DC--->D25

CS--->D33

软件编写部分

一、获取天气

（1）连接WiFi

想要获取某地区的实时天气，需要先让ESP32联网。

可以连接手机热点，有木有连上一目了然 ^u^

/* 包含Arduino自带的头文件WiFi.h */
#include <WiFi.h>

const char* ssid     = "WiFi名";
const char* password = "WiFi密码";

void setup()
{
    /* 开始连接WiFi */
    WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
    /* 等待WiFi连接成功*/
    while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){};
}

void loop()
{}

连接成功后就可以通过发送HTTP请求来获取实时天气数据啦!!

（2）发送HTTP请求

这里向高德的API接口发送HTTP请求。首先注册一个账号并申请Key，然后根据文档中提供的URL、请求方式及参数发送请求。

/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#include <WiFi.h>
/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#incldue <HTTPClient.h>

const char* ssid     = "这里填写WiFi名";
const char* password = "这里填写WiFi密码";

/* 将文档中的URL以及请求参数保存到变量中 
   注意删除"?parameters"，以便填写请求参数 */
String url        = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo";
// 北京市东城区的adcode
String adcode     = "110101";
String key        = "这里填写你申请到的Key";
String extensions = "base";
String output     = "JSON";

void setup()
{
    /* 开始连接WiFi */
    WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
    /* 等待WiFi连接成功*/
    while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){};

    /* 创建 HTTPClient 对象 */
    HTTPClient http;
    /* 指定要发送请求的URL */
    http.begin(url+"city="+adcode+"&key="+key+"&extensions="+extensions+"&output="+output);
    /* GET请求，函数返回状态码 */
    int http_code=http.GET();
    /* 获取响应数据的字符串格式 */
    String response=http.getString();
    /* 关闭连接 */
    http.end();

}

void loop()
{}

（3）解析JSON数据

此时获取的响应数据是JSON格式，而且是全部的数据，所以我们还需要对获取到的数据进行一些处理。 那么什么是JSON格式呢？（请看下面这篇博客了解详情^ ^

JSON简介与解析方法（超级详细）-CSDN博客

所以我们需要从JSON键值对中获取它最关键的“值”!!

那如果我们只想获取lives对象下的province、city、 weather和temperature的值该怎么做呢？

简单来说就是添加库“ArduinoJson”，然后创建对象存储需要解析的JSON数据

/* 需要的响应数据 */
String province;          //省份
String city;                  //城市
String weather;           //天气
String temperature;    //温度

/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#include <WiFi.h>
/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#incldue <HTTPClient.h>
/* 需要下载的头文件 */
#include <ArduinoJson.h>

const char* ssid     = "这里填写WiFi名";
const char* password = "这里填写WiFi密码";

/* 将文档中的URL以及请求参数保存到变量中 
   注意删除"?parameters"，以便填写请求参数 */
String url        = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo";
String adcode     = "110101";
String key        = "这里填写你申请到的Key";
String extensions = "base";
String output     = "JSON";

/* 需要的响应数据 */
String province;
String city;
String weather;
String temperature;

void setup()
{
    /* 开始连接WiFi */
    WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
    /* 等待WiFi连接成功*/
    while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){};

    /* 创建 HTTPClient 对象 */
    HTTPClient http;
    /* 指定要发送请求的URL */
    http.begin(url+"city="+adcode+"&key="+key+"&extensions="+extensions+"&output="+output);
    /* GET请求，函数返回状态码 */
    int http_code=http.GET();
    /* 获取响应数据的字符串格式 */
    String response=http.getString();
    /* 关闭连接 */
    http.end();

    /* 创建 DynamicJsonDocument 对象 */
    DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
    /* 解析Json 数据 */
    deserializeJson(doc,response);
    // 用串口打印数据会发现lives是一个数组，[0]是数组下标
    province=doc["lives"][0]["province"].as<String>();
    city=doc["lives"][0]["city"].as<String>();
    weather=doc["lives"][0]["weather"].as<String>();
    temperature=doc["lives"][0]["temperature"].as<String>();

}

void loop()
{}

好啦!!这下终于完成获取天气部分啦!! ^ ^

二、OLED显示

为了方便显示汉字，OLED显示采用U8G2库。首先添加库

注意根据自己的OLED型号选择正确的构造器，我使用的是U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_SW_SPI （SSD1306芯片，大小128*64，四线，SPI通信）

通常，使用以下框架控制OLED显示

oled.begin();                    //初始化

oled.clearBuffer(); // 清空显示缓冲区    

/*        绘制图形、显示英文数字等        */

oled.sendBuffer();  // 显示缓冲区内容

 如果要显示汉字则需要使能UTF8，设置能显示汉字的字体

oled.begin();                    //初始化

oled.enableUTF8Print();

oled.setFont(u8g2_font_wqy12_t_gb2312);   //设置字体

oled.setFontDirection(0);                                //设置字体方向

oled.clearBuffer(); // 清空显示缓冲区    

/*        绘制图形、显示汉字、英文和数字等        */

oled.sendBuffer();  // 显示缓冲区内容

/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#include <WiFi.h>
/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#incldue <HTTPClient.h>
/* 需要下载的头文件 */
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <U8g2lib.h>

#define D0  14
#define D1  27
#define RES 26
#define DC  25
#define CS  33

const char* ssid     = "这里填写WiFi名";
const char* password = "这里填写WiFi密码";

/* 将文档中的URL以及请求参数保存到变量中 
   注意删除"?parameters"，以便填写请求参数 */
String url        = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo";
String adcode     = "110101";
String key        = "这里填写你申请到的Key";
String extensions = "base";
String output     = "JSON";

/* 需要的响应数据 */
String province;
String city;
String weather;
String temperature;

U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_SW_SPI oled(U8G2_R0,D0,D1,CS,DC,RES);

void setup()
{
    /* 开始连接WiFi */
    WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
    /* 等待WiFi连接成功*/
    while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){};

    /* 创建 HTTPClient 对象 */
    HTTPClient http;
    /* 指定要发送请求的URL */
    http.begin(url+"city="+adcode+"&key="+key+"&extensions="+extensions+"&output="+output);
    /* GET请求，函数返回状态码 */
    int http_code=http.GET();
    /* 获取响应数据的字符串格式 */
    String response=http.getString();
    /* 关闭连接 */
    http.end();

    /* 创建 DynamicJsonDocument 对象 */
    DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
    /* 解析Json 数据 */
    deserializeJson(doc,response);
    // 用串口打印数据会发现lives是一个数组，[0]是数组下标
    province=doc["lives"][0]["province"].as<String>();
    city=doc["lives"][0]["city"].as<String>();
    weather=doc["lives"][0]["weather"].as<String>();
    temperature=doc["lives"][0]["temperature"].as<String>();

    /*--------------------------OLED显示部分----------------------------------*/
    oled.begin();
    oled.enableUTF8Print();

}

void loop()
{
  oled.setFont(u8g2_font_wqy12_t_gb2312);
  oled.setFontDirection(0);

  oled.clearBuffer();
  oled.setCursor(10,15);
  oled.printf("城市：%s %s",province,city);
  oled.setCursor(10,35);
  oled.printf("天气：%s",weather);
  oled.setCursor(10,55);
  oled.printf("温度：%s C",temperature);

  oled.sendBuffer();
  delay(100);

  
}

恭喜!!成功显示实时天气啦！(^ ^)  接下来设计一个过场小动画吧!!（其实就是小进度条、、）

首先下载一个取模软件将你想要显示的图像保存为数组

 将它用到之前我们提到的框架里面就好啦

/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#include <WiFi.h>
/* Arduino自带头文件 */
#incldue <HTTPClient.h>
/* 需要下载的头文件 */
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <U8g2lib.h>

#define D0  14
#define D1  27
#define RES 26
#define DC  25
#define CS  33

const char* ssid     = "这里填写WiFi名";
const char* password = "这里填写WiFi密码";

/* 将文档中的URL以及请求参数保存到变量中 
   注意删除"?parameters"，以便填写请求参数 */
String url        = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo";
String adcode     = "110101";
String key        = "这里填写你申请到的Key";
String extensions = "base";
String output     = "JSON";

/* 需要的响应数据 */
String province;
String city;
String weather;
String temperature;

U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_SW_SPI oled(U8G2_R0,D0,D1,CS,DC,RES);

const unsigned char b2[]={ 
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0X00,0X00,0X10,0X00,0X00,0XF8,0X0D,0X08,0X04,0XB4,0X8F,0X00,0X00,0X08,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X18,0X00,0X00,0XFC,0X0B,0X0C,0X0C,0XD8,0X9F,0X00,0X00,0X18,0X00,0X00,
0X00,0X00,0X18,0X00,0X00,0XFE,0X0F,0X0C,0X08,0XE8,0XBF,0X00,0X00,0X10,0X00,0X00,
};

void setup()
{
    /* 开始连接WiFi */
    WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
    /* 等待WiFi连接成功*/
    while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){};

    /* 创建 HTTPClient 对象 */
    HTTPClient http;
    /* 指定要发送请求的URL */
    http.begin(url+"city="+adcode+"&key="+key+"&extensions="+extensions+"&output="+output);
    /* GET请求，函数返回状态码 */
    int http_code=http.GET();
    /* 获取响应数据的字符串格式 */
    String response=http.getString();
    /* 关闭连接 */
    http.end();

    /* 创建 DynamicJsonDocument 对象 */
    DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
    /* 解析Json 数据 */
    deserializeJson(doc,response);
    // 用串口打印数据会发现lives是一个数组，[0]是数组下标
    province=doc["lives"][0]["province"].as<String>();
    city=doc["lives"][0]["city"].as<String>();
    weather=doc["lives"][0]["weather"].as<String>();
    temperature=doc["lives"][0]["temperature"].as<String>();

    /*--------------------------OLED显示部分----------------------------------*/
    oled.begin();
    oled.enableUTF8Print();

    // 要是想偷偷给自己开vip，就将i++改为i+=10  *笑*
    for(int i=0;i<=104;i++)
   {  
      oled.clearBuffer(); // 清空显示缓冲区
      // (0,0)表示图像左上角在(0,0)的位置，128是从左到右的长度，64是从上到下的高度     
      oled.drawXBMP(0,0,128,64,b2);
      // 画进度条框架    
      oled.drawFrame(10,40,108,15);
      // 将计数器i作为实心长方形的长度，每次增加 1 
      oled.drawBox(12,42,i,11);
      oled.sendBuffer();  // 显示缓冲区内容
   }

}

void loop()
{
  oled.setFont(u8g2_font_wqy12_t_gb2312);
  oled.setFontDirection(0);

  oled.clearBuffer();
  oled.setCursor(10,15);
  oled.printf("城市：%s %s",province,city);
  oled.setCursor(10,35);
  oled.printf("天气：%s",weather);
  oled.setCursor(10,55);
  oled.printf("温度：%s C",temperature);

  oled.sendBuffer();
  delay(100);

  
}

大功告成啦!!感谢观看!!