上位機開發常用到序列埠通訊來控制裝置，序列埠通訊的主要引數:COM口，波特率(9600)，停止位(One)，資料位(8)，校驗位(None)，括弧中的是常用值，具體意思我也不太懂，會用能實現功能就行哈哈；
開發工具：VS2012; 開發前需要新增以下服務引用：
.......using System.IO.Ports;
窗體建置，因為沒有序列埠裝置供除錯 ，所以我用虛擬序列埠即兩個序列埠互相連接來實現通訊，窗體分為上下兩部分，對應兩個序列埠區，上圖為虛擬序列埠設定，下圖為Winform樣式：
首先建立一個baseCom類：
1.宣告變數，建構函式：
public delegate void delegateOnShowMsg(comType type,stringmsg);public delegate void delegateOnOpenCom(comType type, boolonOff);public eventdelegateOnShowMsg OnShow;public eventdelegateOnOpenCom OnOpen;
comType type;string baudRate = string.Empty;string parity = string.Empty;string stopBits = string.Empty;string dataBits = string.Empty;string portName = string.Empty;public System.IO.Ports.SerialPort comPort = newSystem.IO.Ports.SerialPort();public baseCom(string portName, string baudRate, string stopBits, string dataBits, stringparity,comType type)
{this.portName =portName;this.baudRate =baudRate;this.stopBits =stopBits;this.dataBits =dataBits;this.parity =parity;this.type =type;
}
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2.開啟序列埠和關閉序列埠函式：
public voidOpenPort()
{try{if(comPort.IsOpen)
comPort.Close();
comPort.BaudRate= int.Parse(baudRate);
comPort.StopBits= (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), stopBits);
comPort.DataBits= int.Parse(dataBits);
comPort.Parity= (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), parity);
comPort.PortName=portName;
comPort.Handshake=Handshake.None;
comPort.Open();if(comPort.IsOpen)
{
showOnoff(true);
comPort.Handshake=Handshake.None;
comPort.DataReceived+=comPort_DataReceived;
}
showMsg(portName+ "Open Success");
}catch(Exception ex)
{
showMsg("Unable to Open" +portName);
showMsg(ex.Message);
showOnoff(false);
}
}public voidClosePort()
{if(comPort.IsOpen)
{
comPort.Close();
comPort.Dispose();
showOnoff(false);
showMsg(portName+ "Close Success");
}
}
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3.接受資料和發送資料函式：
public void comPort_DataReceived(objectsender，SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{try{int n =comPort.BytesToRead;if (n == 0)return;byte[] buffer = new byte[n];
comPort.Read(buffer,0, n);string rcv = Encoding.Default.GetString(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
showMsg("RECV:" +rcv);
}catch(Exception ex)
{
ClosePort();
showMsg("Com Closed：" +ex.Message);
}
}public void comPort_SendData(stringmsg)
{if (msg == "")
{
showMsg("CAN Not EMPTY");return;
}if (comPort == null)
{
showMsg("First Open Port");return;
}if (!comPort.IsOpen)
{
showMsg("COM Not Open");return;
}byte[] data =Encoding.Default.GetBytes(msg);
comPort.Write(data,0, data.Length);
showMsg("SEND:" +msg);
}
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4.顯示訊息，顯示狀態函式：
public void showMsg(stringmsg)
{if (OnShow != null)
OnShow(type, msg);
}public void showOnoff(boolflag)
{if (OnOpen != null)
OnOpen(type, flag);
}public enumcomType
{
_up,
_down
}
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OK，baseCOM類已定義完成，現在撰寫窗體各控制項的功能函式：
1.初始化控制項，主要是下拉式選單的Item的新增，初始值，初始狀態：
public string[] baudRates = { "2400", "4800", "9600", "19200", "39400", "43000", "56000"};public string[] paritys = { "None", "ODD", "Even"};public string[] dataBits = { "5", "6", "7", "8"};public string[] stopBits = { "None", "One", "Two", "OnePointFive"} ;public voidInitControls()
{
comboBox_com.Items.Clear();
comboBox_baudRate.Items.Clear();
comboBox_dataBits.Items.Clear();
comboBox_parity.Items.Clear();
comboBox_StopBit.Items.Clear();
comboBox_com2.Items.Clear();foreach (var v inbaudRates)
comboBox_baudRate.Items.Add(v);foreach (var v instopBits)
comboBox_StopBit.Items.Add(v);foreach (var v inparitys)
comboBox_parity.Items.Add(v);foreach (var v indataBits)
comboBox_dataBits.Items.Add(v);foreach (var v inSystem.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames())
{
comboBox_com.Items.Add(v);
comboBox_com2.Items.Add(v);
}
comboBox_com.SelectedIndex= 0;
comboBox_baudRate.SelectedIndex= 2;
comboBox_dataBits.SelectedIndex= 3;
comboBox_parity.SelectedIndex= 0;
comboBox_StopBit.SelectedIndex= 1;
comboBox_com2.SelectedIndex= 0;
}
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2.宣告兩個COM類，comUp和comDown：
public delegate void delegateOnOff(comType type,bool onoff);//定義兩個委派
public delegate void delegateShow(comType type,string msg);//為了防止報錯「從不是建立控制項的執行緒控制它」
baseCom comUp; //定義上序列埠COM
baseCom comDown; //定義下序列埠COM
Image imgOn, imgOff; //指示燈
Thread th; //執行緒用來實現自動發送
3.撰寫開啟(關閉)序列埠按鈕點選事件(開啟comUp和開啟comDown程式碼一樣，只貼出comUp)：
private void button_OpenCom_Click(objectsender, EventArgs e)
{string cmd = ((Button)sender).Text.Split(' ')[0];if (comUp != null)
comUp.ClosePort();if (cmd == "Close")return;string s1 =comboBox_com.SelectedItem.ToString();string s2 =comboBox_baudRate.SelectedItem.ToString();string s3 =comboBox_StopBit.SelectedItem.ToString();string s4 =comboBox_dataBits.SelectedItem.ToString();string s5 =comboBox_parity.SelectedItem.ToString();
comUp= newbaseCom(s1, s2, s3, s4, s5,comType._up);
comUp.OnOpen+=SignalState;
comUp.OnShow+=ShowMsg;
comUp.OpenPort();
}
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4.撰寫發送資料按鈕點選事件：
private void button_Send_Click(objectsender, EventArgs e)
{if (comUp != null)
comUp.comPort_SendData(textBox_ComSend.Text);
}
5.撰寫資料接受發送顯示到文字框及狀態指示燈變化函式：
public void SignalState(comType type,boolonoff)
{if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
delegateOnOff d= newdelegateOnOff(SignalState);this.Invoke(d,new object[]{type,onoff});
}else{if (type ==comType._up)
{
pictureBox_ComSignal.Image= onoff ?imgOn : imgOff;
button_OpenCom.Text= onoff ? "Close COM" : "Open COM";
}else{
pictureBox_Com2.Image= onoff ?imgOn : imgOff;
button_OpenCom2.Text= onoff ? "Close COM" : "Open COM";
}
}
}public void ShowMsg(comType type, stringmsg)
{if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
delegateShow d= newdelegateShow(ShowMsg);this.Invoke(d, new object[] { type, msg });
}else{string date = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:fff") + "
";if (type ==comType._up)
{
textBox_serialPort.Text+= (date + msg + "
");
}else{
textBox_serialPort2.Text+= (date + msg + "
");
}
}
}
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6.Monitor函式，即執行緒函式，用來實現資料自動發送(沒有進行準確定時，大概設了個間隔)：
public voidMonitor()
{double i =0;while (i++<10000000000)
{if (i == 1000000000)
{
i= 0;if(checkBox_AutoSend.Checked)
{if (comUp != null)
comUp.comPort_SendData(textBox_ComSend.Text);
}if(checkBox_AutoSend2.Checked)
{if (comDown != null)
comDown.comPort_SendData(textBox_comSend2.Text);
}
}
}
}
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至此，序列埠通訊功能已基本實現，可在此框架上進行實際應用開發，編碼新手，歡迎大家批評指正！看下效果圖(COM1和COM11虛擬連接)：
